Final words of advice

Music Composition and Collaboration

It sounds like there's so many broad and different ways that people can compose music for different styles. There is almost an endless variety. If you're going into this industry, do you play to your core strengths and be good at just what you're good at, or do you try to diversify and become a jack of many styles?

Core Strengths vs. Diversification

I think a lot of the composers I work with would say they could do everything, but I know that they are good at maybe two or three things.

• If the brief is reggae music and they are brilliant on a rock guitar, I wouldn't ask them to do a different genre.
• However, many composers need to be quite dexterous.

I know a few of them where the actual company is made up of two to five people, each having their strengths in different types of music.

Finding Collaborative Opportunities

When considering your circumstances, perhaps you don't have access to flying off to LA or you don't live in London, try to find like-minded people who don't do exactly the same thing as you but are talented in different fields.

• Collaborate: There's nothing stopping you from collaborating with someone else if you get a brief that's not your forte. You can say, "Look, I've got this brief; I know how to package it, but I can't play rhythm or lead, or I can't play the violin or whatever."
• This approach takes you back to being in a band in the studio. You can agree on a split of the work, and that becomes part of the registration.

Legal Considerations

It's very important to get the legalities sorted upfront. For example, if you're hiring someone to play a part in your music:

• Make it clear, "I'm going to give you a fee of £200 to play violin on this track."
• Ensure there's some sort of signed document where the talent acknowledges they've been compensated for their work.

Time Constraints in Music Composition

Let me ask you a little bit about time. When it comes to briefs, how long do people generally have to complete them?

• With feature films, the lead times are longer, but with an advert, briefs can come in with next to no time.

The Challenge of Last-Minute Requests

This is the biggest bugbear of anybody in this business. Producers of films and TV programs often leave music to the last minute because they don't see it as a huge part of the actual production.

• They might think, "We can just get library music" or "The editor will just throw in bits and we'll forget about it."

If you're trying to create bespoke music, for films you'll generally have a lot more lead time. Especially if you're scoring for a significant project.

• If you're Hans Zimmer, and you're getting paid a million dollars to do a score, you will have ample time.

However, in TV or adverts, you might only have days. Sometimes, you'll receive a brief on a Friday and be expected to deliver it by Monday. You'd have to work on it over the weekend.

Different Approaches to Writing Music

It's a different discipline from writing a pop song, which is often based on personal emotions and experiences. For example:

• An artist like Adele or Ed Sheeran might take months to write a song, or it could come together in 30 seconds.

Whereas writing to a brief requires you to be regimented and disciplined to fit into a specific genre.

The Evolving Music Industry

This is really interesting because you mentioned a friend in a pop band who transitioned into the sync world. As the industry continues to change, different value propositions fluctuate, like the value of downloads or streams versus gigging.

• Composers and songwriters need to seek different ways to leverage their skills for various income streams.

They might wear a few hats:

• One month they're out touring as their brand, and another month they might operate under a different brand name that might deal with an agency.
• For example, the person I'm thinking of teaches, gigs, and writes music for film and TV, all while keeping these worlds separate.

Managing Composer Relationships

At the moment, with your consultancy, how many composers do you work with?

I think it's very important to maintain a small roster.

• Some agents work with up to 20 composers, but this depends on their experience.
• In this particular case I'm thinking of, the agency has been around for 25 years.

Ordinarily, I would say working with up to five composers at a time is optimal. Each composer should focus on different areas to avoid duplicating efforts.

• For example, I have composers who specialize in cartoons and animations, others work on trailers and film scores, and some focus on background music for TV.

The Future of Music Publishing

A final question, Jay: what's your vision for the future of publishing? Where's it going?

I think, like much of the industry, people are getting a bit scared because of the seemingly declining revenue from downloads and streaming.

• However, it depends on who you are.

I'm sure that artists like Drake and Rihanna are doing okay out of streaming.

Importance of Diversification

The future of publishing relies on diversification. It's crucial to:

• Work with other publishers or amalgamate companies to cut costs and efficiently utilize resources.
• Professionals are always pushing for better pay from broadcasters and other platforms where music is sold.

As long as creators are fighting for composers, and publishers ensure they are properly investing, finding better deals and co-writing opportunities, then the future can be optimistic.

In terms of income, we are looking more towards:

• Digital income
• Sync income
• Live performance income

While there will still be some sales, both digital and physical, the future isn't as bleak as some may suggest.

Jay, thank you very much indeed!

You're very welcome.