A short history of Publishing

A Brief History of the Modern Day Music Industry

The Beginnings

So let's go back and look at a very short history of the modern music industry. Where did it begin and what triggered it?

• Music has been around for thousands of years.

• It wasn't until the Renaissance period and the birth of printing that music and music publishing really came to the fore.

  This was primarily because:

• Before printing, music was handwritten, making it difficult to duplicate and access.

The Impact of Printing

• With the advent of printing, music became easier to reproduce.
• This led to the monetization of selling sheet music, essentially forming the basis of music publishing.
• The beginnings of copyright emerged around the time of Queen Anne and Henry VII when creators received recognition and royalties for their printed works.

Notable Figures

• King Henry VIII was a pioneer in protecting music printing, asserting that access to sheet music required payment.
• Copyright applies to a number of areas, including music, written words, and art.

Advances in Music Publishing

Originally, the focus was on the written word, as printing music was quite complex due to the scales and notations. However, as printing technology improved (through lithography, brass, and metal printing), duplicating music became more efficient and led to the establishment of a business model.

The Early 20th Century

Evolution of Music Monetization

Now, let's track forward to the early 20th century. In the last hundred years, several factors impacted publishing and copyright:

• With sheet music more accessible, music traveled further.
• Composers sought to monetize their work, leading to the formation of partnerships.
• The first notable partnerships were established by composers like Sassen from France and others from Italy and Germany.

The Rise of Copyright Importance

Copyright became essential for ensuring that creators were paid for their works.

"Music publishing or music is no different to a widget. If you invent it normally, there's a royalty involved whenever it comes to selling that widget."

Industrialization of the Music Industry

In the early part of the 20th century:

• The invention of shellac and vinyl propelled music's accessibility.
• This brought about the concept of duplication; for the first time, single recordings were manufactured in multiple copies.

Establishment of MCPS

• The Mechanical Copyright Protection Society (MCPS) was created, focusing on the royalties tied to the replication of records.
• It applies to various formats like CDs, 8-tracks, and MP3s today.

The Role of Broadcasting

This evolution meant that music could be disseminated widely, especially with the advent of radio and television.

• Music exposure increased through different media: radio, TV, and eventually online platforms.

Performance Royalties

• The broadcasting of music introduced another royalty payment known as the performance rate.

• Initially centered around live performances (like string quartets), this concept expanded to include various formats of music consumption today:

  • Live performances
  • Broadcast music
  • Radio

As we move forward, the ways of generating performance income have diversified, reflecting the evolving landscape of the music industry.