Lesson on Syncopation

In the last lesson, we mentioned syncopation, and this lesson is going to be more about that.

What is Syncopation?

Syncopation is the adding of an unexpected emphasis somewhere within a bar or across a bar line.

• An expected way of playing eight quavers might involve slurring a couple of notes but then adding an unexpected emphasis.
• This unexpected emphasis is the key to syncopation.

Historical Context

Syncopation has its roots in African American music and became widely recognized through ragtime, which was primarily piano music.

• The term "rag" refers to a tune that originates from ragtime.
• Many old-time tunes became known as "rags" and featured distinctive syncopated rhythms.
• The chord sequences used in ragtime often came from pianists, who naturally created these patterns.

Example Tune: Pig Ankle Rag

A tune that we'll be playing is the Pig Ankle Rag. This piece includes a characteristic sequence at the end:

• Chord Sequence: G, D, B, A

When you hear this sequence, you'll recognize it as a typical ragtime element. This sequence contrasts sharply with what you would find in Celtic music, which is the origin of many old-time tunes.

Common Syncopated Rhythm

A prevalent rhythm in syncopation is:

1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1-2

This rhythmic structure is very much syncopated.

Playing the Pig Ankle Rag

Let's play the Pig Ankle Rag, which is a classic old-time rag. I'll start slowly, without backing, and then we'll add the backing and speed it up a bit.

Count: 1, 2, 3, and repeat.

Important Note on Swing

One important aspect of ragtime music is that the eighth notes are played with a swing feel.

• It's not played evenly; it's long, short, long, short throughout whenever there are quavers, unless they're tied together.
• In that case, you often go to a longer note on the accented tied note.

You'll quickly get used to this style.

Assignment

For your assignment, try playing the Pig Ankle Rag without slurs and without syncopation. This unusual task will help you understand what we've been practicing.

• It might sound something like this:

It's not until you attempt this that you realize what we've learned about syncopation. Have fun with this!

Additional Practice

Try playing some scales using syncopation. This will help you develop your skills for later soloing.

• For example, a D major scale might sound like this.

Remember: Adding the syncopation yourself, rather than just reading it, will significantly enhance your ability to use it while soloing later on.