Using Chromaticism and Encircling
Lesson time: (6min 53sec)
Tim Richards shows how to improvise using chromatic notes and enclosures that wrap around chord tones to add colour to your jazz lines.
Course preview
This lesson is part of the course Exploring Jazz Piano: Functional Harmony & Modes
Watch a preview of the full course below.
Lesson transcript:
2-5-1 Arpeggio Workout
Introduction
In this 2-5-1 arpeggio workout, we will explore arpeggios in the first three keys. The focus here is on connecting chords by step without chromaticism or embellishments, just the notes of the chords.
Key Concepts
- Connecting Chords: Each pattern connects one chord to another using adjacent notes.
- Practice Method: Don't just copy the audio track. Learn each pattern thoroughly in all six keys.
Patterns Overview
First Pattern
- Simplicity: The first pattern is straightforward.
- Recommendation: If you're reading this, put the music away! Practice it by memory or by ear through all six keys before progressing to the next line.
- Knowledge: Aim to learn the same pattern by looking at the chord symbols.
Second Pattern
- Extension: This pattern extends one note further.
- Finger Development: It is effective in developing the fourth and fifth fingers, which are often weaker.
- Adaptability: This pattern begins on D minor, but you can easily apply it to the first bar in E minor.
Third Pattern
- Octave Increase: Starting on C minor, this pattern goes up two octaves for the first time.
- Target Note: Notice it lands on the A of the F7 chord, which is a crucial target note (the third of the chord).
- Root Position: By playing the C minor root position and dropping down a semitone, you arrive at the third of the seventh chord.
Inversions
- Fluency: Be sure to alternate between root position and second inversion arpeggios.
Second Part of the Workout
- Left Hand Shift: The left hand switches to root and seventh shells while the right hand introduces more complexity, including non-chord notes.
Example Patterns:
-
Linking Note:
- The E flat acts as a linking note from A minor to D (target note).
- This employs a chromatic approach.
-
Another Transition:
- A flat leads to the root of the next chord.
- Incorporate sixth and major seventh arpeggios.
Final Example
- Starting on the Third: This is your first exposure to starting arpeggios on different chord notes.
- Encircling Technique: Enclosing the target note is critical for a bebop style.
Target Notes
- D: Approaching from both above and below for the third of the B flat seven chord.
- G: Approaching from above and below for the E flat.
Practice Techniques
- Natural Flow: Ensure the approach notes fit naturally within the flow of the arpeggio.
- Left-Hand Rhythm Experimentation: While the chords are written on the beat, feel free to experiment with different rhythms.
Conclusion
- Flexibility: Try implementing variations in your left hand throughout all patterns.
- Expansive Practice: Practice anything within this workout using the backing track, voicings, scales, licks, and more.
Happy practicing!
About the instructor

Critically acclaimed jazz pianist and composer Tim Richards is one of Britain’s most experienced jazz educators, teaching piano privately for over 30 years, as well as at Morley College, Goldsmiths College, the University of Surrey, Premises Studios and other venues in the UK and abroad. He has produced numerous titles for Schott Music, including the best-selling two-volume Exploring Jazz Piano, Blues, Boogie & Gospel Collection and the acclaimed Improvising Blues Piano. He is also co-author, with John Crawford, of Exploring Latin Piano and Brazilian Piano Collection.More recently Schott have published Jazz, Latin & Modern Collection (15 pieces for solo piano), comprising Tim Richards originals alongside pieces by Duke Ellington and Thelonious Monk, and the two volume set Beginning Jazz Piano (now a two-part MusicGurus course).“The real joy of Tim’s music… is that it is both hugely educational but also such great fun to play. Anyone with the slightest interest in learning to play or teach jazz piano should really acquire a set of Tim’s books.” PianoDaoAs a performer Tim has been a presence on the UK jazz scene since the 1980s, also playing the blues with UK and US legends such as Otis Grand, Earl Green, Dana Gillespie, Larry Garner, Joe Louis Walker and Mojo Buford. He has released over a dozen albums as a leader (featuring many of London’s best jazz musicians including Pete King, Gilad Atzmon, Tony Kofi, Jason Yarde, Seb Rochford, Ed Jones, Dick Pearce and many others), and toured all over Europe with line-ups ranging from duo to nine-piece. His latest recording, the album ‘Telegraph Hill’ by the six-piece Hextet, was described in The Observer as "A true joy from beginning to end". More info can be found on his website www.timrichards.ndo.co.uk read more




