Horizontal & Vertical Improvisation

Tim Richards
Tim Richards

Lesson time: (3min 22sec)

With Tim Richards, explore horizontal (scale-based) and vertical (chord-based) improvisation over Fly Me to the Moon, and how to combine the two.

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This lesson is part of the course Exploring Jazz Piano: Functional Harmony & Modes
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Lesson transcript:

Improvisation Techniques for "Fly Me to the Moon"

Now that you've gotten used to playing Fly Me to the Moon, whether you're playing the left hand chords or not, hopefully you've got your head around the melody.

Using the Track for Improvisation

Let's talk about how you can use this track to improvise.

  • Toggle between Performance and Backing Track

    • If you're playing with the backing track, it'll just have bass and drums.
  • Left Hand Chords

    • You can play left hand chords.
    • Practice the left hand chords by themselves.
      • These are the same chords as in bossa nova comping, but different inversions because they've been moved lower down for the left hand.

Right Hand Options

What are you going to do in the right hand?

  • Playing White Notes

    • Of course, you could just play white notes.
    • That would be a little bit unadventurous though.
  • Playing Chord Notes

    • An alternative to playing horizontally with just the notes of the key is to try playing notes of the chords.
    • For example, you could play A.

Practicing Arpeggios

I would practice the arpeggios of the following chords:

  • A minor 7
  • D minor 7
  • G7
  • C major
  • F major
  • B half diminished

You could string those together something like this.

Tip: Notice on the E7, if it gets a bit high, you can always go down.

This is a really important way of getting your head and fingers around some changes to develop ideas for your solo.

Exploring Other Improvisation Methods

We'll be looking at this a bit later in the track 2-5-1 arpeggio workout. There are other ways of improvising around these chords.

Example: 2-5-1 in A Minor

For instance, if you have a 2-5-1 in a minor (B half diminished - E7 - A minor), a really nice scale you could use is the harmonic minor scale in A minor, the key you're going to.

  • This makes a change from using C major all the time.
  • It has the F, which fits the B half diminished, and it has the G sharp, which fits the E7.

Practical Application

You could try:

  • Playing the left hand shells.
  • Playing the A harmonic minor scale.

Note: See how it has a slightly more exotic sound than just using white notes all the time, while still playing horizontally over those three chords.

Conclusion

So these two approaches, horizontal and vertical, have been seen before in part one of the course. We'll be coming back to that several times in the rest of the course.

About the instructor

Tim Richards
Tim Richards

Critically acclaimed jazz pianist and composer Tim Richards is one of Britain’s most experienced jazz educators, teaching piano privately for over 30 years, as well as at Morley College, Goldsmiths College, the University of Surrey, Premises Studios and other venues in the UK and abroad. He has produced numerous titles for Schott Music, including the best-selling two-volume Exploring Jazz Piano, Blues, Boogie & Gospel Collection and the acclaimed Improvising Blues Piano. He is also co-author, with John Crawford, of Exploring Latin Piano and Brazilian Piano Collection.More recently Schott have published Jazz, Latin & Modern Collection (15 pieces for solo piano), comprising Tim Richards originals alongside pieces by Duke Ellington and Thelonious Monk, and the two volume set Beginning Jazz Piano (now a two-part MusicGurus course).“The real joy of Tim’s music… is that it is both hugely educational but also such great fun to play. Anyone with the slightest interest in learning to play or teach jazz piano should really acquire a set of Tim’s books.” PianoDaoAs a performer Tim has been a presence on the UK jazz scene since the 1980s, also playing the blues with UK and US legends such as Otis Grand, Earl Green, Dana Gillespie, Larry Garner, Joe Louis Walker and Mojo Buford. He has released over a dozen albums as a leader (featuring many of London’s best jazz musicians including Pete King, Gilad Atzmon, Tony Kofi, Jason Yarde, Seb Rochford, Ed Jones, Dick Pearce and many others), and toured all over Europe with line-ups ranging from duo to nine-piece. His latest recording, the album ‘Telegraph Hill’ by the six-piece Hextet, was described in The Observer as "A true joy from beginning to end". More info can be found on his website www.timrichards.ndo.co.uk read more

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29 lessons (1h 51m)
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